Plural of Calf

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The Plural of Calf

The plural of "calf" is "calves."

• When calves are two months old, they are branded and ear marked.
• Veal calves are reared entirely on milk formula and killed at 18 or 20 weeks as white veal.

The noun "calf" adheres to the standard rules for forming the plurals of nouns in English (shown in the table below).

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The Standard Rules for Forming the Plurals

The table below shows the standard rules for forming the plurals of nouns in English.

Type	Example of Type	Forming the Plural	Plural
Most Nouns	lamp scythe	add s	lamps scythes
Noun Ending s, sh, ch, x or z	bus dress	add es	buses dresses
Nouns ending [consonant] o	hero zero tomato	add either s or es (There are no rules for this - you have to know.)	heroes zeros tomatoes
Nouns ending [vowel] o	patio ratio	add s	patios ratios
Nouns ending [consonant] y	story penny	change the y to an i and add es	stories pennies
Nouns ending [vowel] y	storey () donkey	add s	storeys donkeys
Nouns ending f or fe	dwarf calf	ves and/or s (There are no rules - you have to know.)	dwarfs calves
Exceptions	man louse	some nouns undergo a vowel or letters change	men lice
More exceptions	salmon sheep	some nouns do not change at all	salmon sheep

Read more about English spelling rules.

Why Is There Confusion over the Plural of Calf?

There is confusion because the rule for forming the plurals of nouns ending "f" isn't straightforward. Most nouns will drop the "f" and gain a "ves." For example:

• "Loaf" becomes "loaves."
• "Leaf" becomes "leaves."

Some just add "s." For example:

• "Roof" becomes "roofs."
• "Chief" becomes "chiefs."

With some words, both versions are accepted. For example:

• "Scarf" becomes "scarfs" or "scarves."
• "Dwarf" becomes "dwarfs" or "dwarves."

The plural is always "calves." Unfortunately, there is no clever way of knowing which nouns ending "f" follow which rules. You have to know. (For example, you have to know that "gulf" becomes "gulfs," but "calf" becomes "calves.")

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