Plural of Buffalo

The Quick Answer

The plural of buffalo is buffaloes or buffalos..

The Plural of Buffalo

The plural of buffalo is buffaloes or buffalos..

Buffaloes will engage in mobbing behavior when fighting off predators.
In some areas, buffalos are still hunted for meat.

The noun buffalo adheres to the standard rules for forming the plurals of nouns in English (shown in the table below).

Are You Good at Plurals?

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The Standard Rules for Forming the Plurals

The table below shows the standard rules for forming the plurals of nouns in English.

Type	Example of Type	Forming the Plural	Plural
Most Nouns	lamp scythe	add s	lamps scythes
Noun Ending s, sh, ch, x or z	bus dress	add es	buses dresses
Nouns ending [consonant] o	buffalo zero tomato	add either s or es (There are no rules for this - you have to know.)	buffaloes or buffalos zeros tomatoes
Nouns ending [vowel] o	patio ratio	add s	patios ratios
Nouns ending [consonant] y	story penny	change the y to an i and add es	stories pennies
Nouns ending [vowel] y	storey () donkey	add s	storeys donkeys
Nouns ending f or fe	dwarf knife	ves and/or s (There are no rules - you have to know.)	dwarfs knives
Exceptions	man louse	some nouns undergo a vowel or letters change	men lice
More exceptions	salmon sheep	some nouns do not change at all	salmon sheep

Why Is There Confusion over the Plural of Buffalo?

There is confusion because the rule for forming plurals with nouns ending in o isn't straightforward. Most nouns will just add an s. For example:

Kangaroo becomes kangaroos.
Piano becomes pianos.

Some add es. For example:

Embargo becomes embargoes.
Torpedo becomes torpedoes.

With some words, both versions are accepted. For example:

Halo becomes haloes or halos.
Echo becomes echoes or echos.

The plural of buffalo can be either buffaloes or buffalos.. Unfortunately, there is no clever way of knowing which nouns ending o follow which rules. You have to know. (For example, you have to know that solo becomes solos, but potato becomes potatoes.)

Though buffaloes and buffalos are both accepted plurals, buffaloes is the more common of the two. (See the difference in Google's Ngram Viewer.)

Beware

Don't Use an Apostrophe to Form a Plural

Adding 's is never an option when forming the plural of a noun. Despite this simple rule, inexperienced writers often feel compelled to add an apostrophe, especially when the noun ends with a vowel (e.g., piano, tomato, emu). For example:

Animals that use echo's are cetaceans.
Animals that use echoes are cetaceans.

Another Interactive Exercise

Here are three randomly selected questions from another exercise on plurals, which can be edited, printed to create an exercise worksheet, or sent via email to friends or students.

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