Adverbs
An adverb can be added to a verb to modify its meaning. Usually, an adverb tells you when, where, how, in what manner or to what extent an action is performed. Very many adverbs end in
'...ly' - particularly those that are used to express how an action is performed. Although many adverbs end
'ly', lots do not, e.g., fast, never, well, very, most, least, more, less, now,
far and there.
Examples:
 Anita placed the vase carefully on the shelf.
(The word 'carefully' is an adverb. It shows how the vase was placed.)
Tara walks gracefully.
(The word 'gracefully' is an adverb. It modifies the verb 'to walk'.)
He runs fast.
(The word 'fast' is an adverb. It modifies the verb 'to run'.)
You can set your watch by him. He always leaves at 5 o'clock.
(The word 'always' is an adverb. It modifies the verb 'to leave'.)
The dinner guests arrived early.
('early' - adverb; modifies 'to arrive')
She sometimes helps us.
('sometimes' - adverb; modifies 'to help')
I am the only person in the world I should like to know thoroughly. (Oscar Wilde)
('thoroughly' - adverb; modifies 'to know')
Types of Adverbs
Although there are thousands of adverbs, each adverb can usually be categorised in one of the following groupings:
Adverbs of Time
Press the button now.
('now' - adverb of time)
I have never been.
('never' - adverb of time)
I tell him daily.
('daily' - adverb of time)
Adverbs of Place
Daisies grow everywhere.
('everywhere' - adverb of place)
I did not put it there.
('there' - adverb of place)
Adverbs of Manner
He passed the re-sit easily.
('easily' - adverb of manner)
The lion crawled stealthily.
('stealthily' - adverb of manner)
Adverbs of Degree
That is the farthest I have ever jumped.
('farthest' - adverb of degree)
He boxed more cleverly.
('more cleverly' - adverb of degree and manner.)
(This is covered more in the lesson Comparatives.)
Adverbs Can Modify Adjectives and Other Adverbs
Although the term 'adverb' implies that they are only used with verbs, adverbs can also modify adjectives and other adverbs:
Examples:
The heavenly blue light shone on the water.
(The adverb 'heavenly' modifies the adjective 'blue'.)
Peter had an extremely ashen face.
(The adverb 'extremely' modifies the adjective 'ashen'.)
Badly trained dogs that fail the test will become pets.
(The adverb 'badly' modifies the adjective 'trained'.)
('Trained' is an adjective formed from the verb 'to train' - see
Participles.)
She wore a beautifully designed dress.
(The adverb 'beautifully' modifies the adjective 'designed'.)
Peter Jackson finished his assignment remarkably quickly.
(The adverb 'quickly' modifies the verb 'to finish'. The adverb 'remarkably'
modifies the adverb 'quickly'.)
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Below are some common errors related to nouns:
When an adverb modifies an adjective, there is no need to join the two with a hyphen.
Examples:
 Thomas was a highly respected member of the team.
(There is no need to join the adverb 'highly' to the adjective 'respected' with a
hyphen.)
She passed him the most crimson apple in the basket.
(There is no need to join the adverb 'most' to the adjective 'crimson' with a
hyphen. Incidentally, 'most' is an adverb of degree.)
Dawn was an exceptionally-talented teenager. 
(There is no need to join the adverb 'exceptionally' to the adjective 'talented' with a hyphen.)
should be "neatly arranged"
(newspaper article)
WELL AND FAST
With words like 'well' and 'fast' (which are both adjectives and adverbs), a hyphen can be used to avoid ambiguity.
Examples:
We will be visited by a well-known actress.
(In this example, a hyphen is added to differentiate between 'well-known' (i.e.,
a
widely known actress) and 'well' and 'known' (i.e., healthy and recognised
actress). As unlikely as the latter may be, it is grammatically feasible. The
hyphen eliminates all ambiguity.)
He tried to sell me 200 fast-growing chickens.
(A hyphen is added to differentiate between 'fast-growing' (i.e., chickens which
grow quickly) and 'fast' and 'growing' (i.e., chickens which are good runners and still growing). As unlikely as the latter may be, the hyphen eliminates all
ambiguity.)
See
the lesson Hyphens
in Compound Adjectives"
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