Third Person

What Is Third Person?

The term "third person" refers to someone else, i.e., not the speaker ("I," "me"), a group including the speaker ("we," "us"), or the speaker's audience ("you"). For example:

• I am speaking to you about her.
("I" is the speaker, so "I" is in the first person. "You" is the person being spoken to, so "you" is in the second person. "Her" is in the third person.)

Whenever you use a noun (as opposed to pronoun like above), then the noun is in the third person. For example:

• The policeman is speaking to the teacher about Anne.
("The policeman," "the teacher," and "Anne" are all in the third person because they are not the speaker and not the person being spoken to.)

"Third Person" Explained

"Third person" most commonly appears in the phrases "third-person narrative," "to write in the third person," and "third-party (or -person) insurance."

• Third Person Narrative. A third-person narrative is a story told using the pronouns "he," "she," "it," or "they" or using nouns. In other words, the story is not told from a personal perspective. A third-person narrative contrasts with a first-person narrative, which is a story told from a personal perspective using the pronoun "I" (and sometimes "we").
• To Write in the Third Person. "To write in the third person" means to use nouns or the pronouns "he," "she," "it," or "they." It is common in business writing.
• Third Party Insurance. Third-party insurance protects against the claims of others. Look at the following sentence: I (the first party) am ensured by you, the insurer (the second party), to protect me against them (the third party).

Third Person in Grammar

The personal pronouns ("I," "you," "he," "she," "it," "we," "they") are grouped into one of three categories:

• First person: "I" and "we"
• Second person: "you"
• Third person: "He/She/It" and "They"

Note: First person refers to the speaker himself or a group that includes the speaker (i.e.," I," "me," "we," and "us"). Second person refers to the speaker's audience (i.e., "you").

Examples of Third Person Pronouns in Different Cases

Here are the third person pronouns in the subjective case, the objective case, and the possessive case:

Person	Subjective Case	Objective Case	Possessive Case Possessive Determiner	Possessive Case Possessive Pronouns
Third Person Singular	he / she / it Example: He is not happy.	him / her / it Example: We saw him.	his / her / its Example: We were her support.	his / hers / its These were hers.
Third Person Plural	they Example: They are leaving.	them Example: We like them.	their Example: We were their allies.	theirs These are theirs.

With third person singular, the pronouns reflect gender.

• Masculine gender: He, him, his
• Feminine gender: She, her, hers
• Neuter gender: It, its

First, Second, and Third Person Pronouns

The table below shows the first, second, and third person pronouns. The third person pronouns are shaded.

Person	Subjective Case	Objective Case	Possessive Case Possessive Determiner	Possessive Case Possessive Pronouns
First Person Singular	I	me	my	mine
Second Person Singular	you	you	your	yours
Third Person Singular	he/she/it	him/her/it	his/her/its	his/hers/its
First Person Plural	we	us	our	ours
Second Person Plural	you	you	your	yours
Third Person Plural	they	them	their	theirs

Why the Third Person Is Important

Here are four good reasons to care about the third person.

(Reason 1) Understanding the person categories is useful for learning a foreign language.

The vast majority of teachers and reference books use the person categories to explain how grammar works (particularly verbs). Therefore, understanding terms like "first person singular" and "third person plural" is useful when learning a foreign language. Here are some examples of how the person categories appear in language books:

Person	English	German	French	Spanish
First Person Singular	I play	ich spiele	je joue	yo juego
Second Person Singular	you play	du spielst	tu joues	tu juegas
Third Person Singular	he/she/it plays	er/sie/es spielt	il/elle joue	el/ella/usted juega
First Person Plural	we play	wir spielen	nous jouons	nosotros jugamos
Second Person Plural	you play	ihr spielt	vous jouez	vosotros jagais
Third Person Plural	they play	Sie spielen	ils/ells jouent	ellos/ellas/ustedes juegan

(Reason 2) Using the third person presents a formal air.

When talking about yourself, using the third person presents a formal air. For example:

• Avro Corps will handle your complaint within 48 hours.

Conversely, writing in the first person is useful to portray a personal touch. For example:

• We will handle your complaint within 48 hours.

(Reason 3) Using the third person for storytelling can make you seem all-knowing.

Using the third person in storytelling can portray the author as all-knowing. By using the third person, an author can highlight failings and raise observations about their characters from a judge- or God-like position. As a result, the reader will not consider the author's limitations when learning about the characters, only the characters' limitations. Therefore, if a character makes a basic mistake or says something stupid, the author can judge it without being tarnished by it.

So, while writing in the first person can be engaging, writing in the third person affords the author considerable freedoms. Read more about writing in the first person.

Key Points

(Reason 4) The third-person possessive determiner "its" not "it's."

The contraction "it's" means "it is" or "it has."

The neuter possessive determiner is "its." It is not "it's."

It is a grammatical howler to confuse "it's" and its." Read more about "its" and "it's."

Video Lesson

Watch a video summarizing "grammatical person" (i.e., first person, second person, and third person) video lesson

Are you a visual learner? Do you prefer video to text? Here is a list of all our grammar videos.

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