Case
Predominantly, there are 4 cases used in modern English: the subjective
case, the objective case, the
genitive
case
and the vocative
case.
The
subjective case
is for a noun (or pronoun) that is the
subject
of a verb.
Examples:
 Anne
went to the shop.
She
went to the shop.
The
genitive case
is used, in the main, to indicate possession.
Examples:
This is Anne's
bag.
This is her
bag.
The
objective case
is for a noun (or pronoun) that is
either the direct object or indirect
object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Examples:
I visited Anne.
I visited her.
The
vocative case
is used to indicate when a person
(usually) is being addressed directly. It terms of spelling, it is
identical to the subjective case. However, words in the vocative case should
be offset from the remainder of the sentence with comma(s).
Examples:
Paul,
is this your tent peg?
You,
get off my lawn.
See also:
Glossary of grammatical terms
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